Liberalism is a political and philosophical ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedom, equality, and the protection of civil liberties. It advocates for limited government intervention in the economy, as well as social and cultural issues, and promotes the idea of a free market economy. Liberalism also supports the rule of law, democracy, and the protection of human rights. It emerged during the Enlightenment period in the 18th century and has since evolved into various forms, including classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism.