An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to store, process, retrieve, and distribute information within an organization. It is designed to support the decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of an organization's operations and activities. Information systems can range from simple manual systems, such as a paper-based filing system, to complex computer-based systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems or customer relationship management (CRM) systems. These systems play a crucial role in managing and leveraging information to improve organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitiveness.