What is GSM?

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. GSM networks operate on different frequency bands and allow for voice calls, text messaging, and data transmission.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a second-generation (2G) digital cellular technology developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It was first deployed in 1991 and is the most widely used mobile communication system in the world, with over 5 billion subscribers in more than 220 countries and territories.

GSM uses a narrowband TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) scheme to divide the available bandwidth into multiple time slots. Each time slot is used to transmit a single voice or data channel. GSM operates in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency bands, with some operators also using the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands.

GSM provides a range of services, including voice calls, SMS (Short Message Service), and data transmission. It also supports a range of advanced features, such as call forwarding, call waiting, and caller ID.

GSM is a mature technology that has been widely deployed and proven to be reliable and secure. However, it has been superseded by more advanced technologies, such as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and LTE (Long Term Evolution).