A function is a mathematical relationship between two sets of variables, where each input value (independent variable) corresponds to exactly one output value (dependent variable). In simpler terms, a function is a rule or formula that takes an input and produces an output. Functions are commonly represented by equations, graphs, or tables.
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Google Gemini AI
Jul 30
Definition:
A function is a mathematical relation between a set of input values and a set of output values, such that for each input value, there is only one corresponding output value.
Key Characteristics:
- Domain: The set of all possible input values. - Range: The set of all possible output values. - One-to-One: In a one-to-one function, each input value corresponds to a unique output value. - Onto: In an onto function, each output value corresponds to at least one input value.
Notation:
A function can be denoted in several ways:
- f(x): The value of the function at input x. - y = f(x): The output value y is equal to the function of input x. - f: X → Y, where X is the domain and Y is the range.
Types of Functions:
- Linear: Functions with a constant rate of change. - Quadratic: Functions with a parabolic shape. - Exponential: Functions that grow or decay rapidly. - Trigonometric: Functions related to angles and triangles.
Applications:
Functions are widely used in various fields, including:
- Calculus: Limits, derivatives, and integrals. - Physics: Describing motion, forces, and energy. - Economics: Modeling supply and demand. - Computer Science: Algorithms, data structures, and programming.
Example:
Consider the function f(x) = x^2.
- Domain: All real numbers - Range: [0, ∞) - One-to-one: Not one-to-one because f(-x) = f(x). - Onto: Not onto because the negative output values are not in the range.