What is blue tongue disease What is blue tongue disease ?

Blue tongue disease, also known as bluetongue, is a viral disease that primarily affects ruminant animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle. It is caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV), which is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides species. The disease is characterized by fever, swelling and cyanosis (bluish discoloration) of the tongue, mouth, and other mucous membranes. Other symptoms may include excessive salivation, nasal discharge, lameness, and weight loss. In severe cases, it can lead to death.

Blue tongue disease is not contagious to humans, but it can have significant economic impacts on the livestock industry. Infected animals may experience reduced milk production, weight loss, and decreased fertility. The disease can also affect international trade of livestock and animal products, as many countries have restrictions on importing animals from regions affected by blue tongue.

Vaccination is available to prevent blue tongue disease in livestock, and control measures such as insecticides and quarantine protocols are implemented to limit its spread. Surveillance and monitoring of the disease are crucial to detect and respond to outbreaks effectively.