What is bases /alkalis?

Bases, also known as alkalis, are a class of chemical compounds that have a pH greater than 7. They are substances that can accept protons (H+ ions) in a chemical reaction. Bases are the opposite of acids, which have a pH lower than 7 and donate protons in a chemical reaction. Some common examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH3). Bases are often used in various industrial processes, such as in the production of soaps and detergents, as well as in the neutralization of acids.

Bases/Alkalis

Bases, also known as alkalis, are substances that:

Chemical Properties:

- Have a pH greater than 7
- React with acids to form salts and water
- Are corrosive to skin and tissues
- Conduct electricity in water
- Have a bitter taste and a soapy feel

Classification:

Bases can be classified into two main types:

- Strong bases: Fully dissociate in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-). Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).
- Weak bases: Partially dissociate in water, releasing a smaller amount of hydroxide ions. Examples include ammonia (NH3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Strength of Bases:

The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of hydroxide ions it releases in water. The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the stronger the base.

Uses:

Bases have a wide range of applications, including:

- Cleaning: Used in soaps, detergents, and cleaning products
- Food processing: Used as preservatives and leavening agents
- Textile industry: Used in dyeing and bleaching
- Chemical industry: Used in the synthesis of other chemicals
- Medicine: Used as antacids, antiseptics, and pain relievers

Examples of Common Bases:

- Sodium hydroxide (lye)
- Potassium hydroxide
- Calcium hydroxide (lime)
- Ammonia
- Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
- Sodium carbonate (washing soda)