Association fibers are bundles of nerve fibers that connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere of the brain. These fibers allow for communication and integration of information between different areas of the brain involved in higher cognitive functions, such as perception, memory, language, and reasoning. Association fibers can be further classified into short association fibers, which connect adjacent gyri within the same lobe, and long association fibers, which connect different lobes or distant regions within the same hemisphere.