The expansion of the concept of security involves broadening the understanding of who can best provide security, for whom it should be provided, and how it should be provided. This includes recognizing that security is not just about physical protection from external threats, but also encompasses economic, social, and environmental aspects.
In terms of who can best provide security, the traditional view has been that security is primarily the responsibility of the state and its military and law enforcement agencies. However, the expanded concept of security acknowledges that security can also be provided by non-state actors such as community organizations, private security firms, and international organizations. These actors can play a crucial role in addressing security challenges that go beyond traditional state-centric approaches.
In terms of for whom security should be provided, the expanded concept recognizes that security is a universal human right that should be accessible to all individuals, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status. This means that security measures should be inclusive and address the needs of marginalized and vulnerable populations, such as refugees, women, children, and the elderly.
In terms of how security should be provided, the expanded concept emphasizes the importance of a holistic and multidimensional approach to security that addresses the root causes of insecurity. This includes promoting social justice, economic development, environmental sustainability, and respect for human rights. It also involves fostering cooperation and dialogue among different actors at the local, national, and international levels to address complex security challenges.
Overall, the expansion of the concept of security requires a shift in thinking from a narrow focus on military defense to a more comprehensive understanding of security that encompasses a wide range of threats and vulnerabilities. By recognizing the diverse actors involved in providing security, the universal right to security, and the need for a holistic approach, we can better address the complex security challenges of the 21st century.