What do you mean by single column manometers, how are they used for the measurements of pressure with Illustrates?

Single column manometers are simple devices used to measure pressure in a fluid system. They consist of a vertical tube filled with a liquid, typically mercury or water, and are open at one end to the atmosphere or the system being measured.

To use a single column manometer for pressure measurement, the open end of the tube is connected to the system or vessel whose pressure is to be measured. The difference in height of the liquid in the tube between the two ends is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the two points.

The pressure can be calculated using the equation:

Pressure = ρgh

Where:
- ρ is the density of the liquid in the manometer
- g is the acceleration due to gravity
- h is the height difference of the liquid in the tube

Illustration:
Let's say we have a single column manometer filled with water and connected to a gas tank. The height of the water in the tube is 10 cm higher on the side connected to the gas tank compared to the side open to the atmosphere. The density of water is 1000 kg/m^3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s^2.

Using the equation above, we can calculate the pressure in the gas tank:

Pressure = 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2 * 0.1 m
Pressure = 981 Pa

Therefore, the pressure in the gas tank is 981 Pa.