Global
- North America: US, Canada, Mexico
- South America: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia
- Europe: UK, France, Germany, Spain, Italy
- Asia: China, India, Japan, South Korea, Philippines
- Africa: Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Egypt
- Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
Within-Country
- Urban vs. Rural: Different socioeconomic backgrounds, access to resources
- Religious: Different values, beliefs, practices (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism)
- Ethnic: Diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural heritage (e.g., African American, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American)
- Socioeconomic: Range of income levels, educational attainment, and social status
- Language: Native speakers of different languages (e.g., English, Spanish, Mandarin, Arabic)
Additional Factors
- Immigration Status: First-generation vs. second-generation or later
- Cultural Acculturation: Extent to which students have assimilated into the dominant culture
- Family Background: Values, expectations, support structures vary
- Personal Experiences: Individual experiences shape cultural perspectives (e.g., travel, exposure to diverse cultures)