1. Zakat al-Fitr: This is a form of charity that is obligatory for every Muslim to give before the end of Ramadan. It is meant to purify the fasting person from any indecent act or speech and to help those in need during the Eid al-Fitr celebration.
2. Zakat al-Maal: This is the more common form of Zakah, which is a mandatory charitable contribution based on a person's wealth and assets. It is typically calculated as 2.5% of a person's savings, investments, and other assets that have been held for a full lunar year. Zakat al-Maal is meant to help those in need and to purify the wealth of the giver.
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Types of Zakah
Obligatory (Fard) Zakah
- Zakah on Wealth (Zakah al-Mal): Paid on accumulated wealth and assets, such as cash, gold, silver, livestock, and inventory. - Zakah on Agricultural Products (Zakah al-Harath): Paid on crops, fruits, and vegetables. - Zakah on Animals (Zakah al-Sa'im): Paid on certain types of livestock, such as camels, cattle, sheep, and goats.
Non-Obligatory (Nafl) Zakah
- Zakah on Trade Goods (Zakah al-Tijarah): Paid on profits from business transactions. - Zakah al-Fitr: Paid before the Eid al-Fitr festival, to provide food for the poor and needy. - Zakah al-Adha: Sacrificial animals offered during the Eid al-Adha festival, with a portion distributed to the poor.
Special Types of Zakah
- Zakah al-Fataq: Paid on wealth acquired through unlawful means, such as gambling or theft. - Zakah al-Khiyar: Paid on options or choice transactions. - Zakah al-Ruqba: Paid on property held in trust or by minors.