Grace Mwenga
Jan 24
What are the stages of elick elickson theory of psychosocial theory?
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Jan 24
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory consists of eight stages that span from infancy to old age. Each stage represents a specific psychosocial crisis or conflict that individuals must successfully resolve in order to develop a healthy personality. The stages are as follows:
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 year): Infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency and reliability of their care.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1-3 years): Children develop a sense of independence and autonomy as they learn to control their bodies and make choices. If they face excessive criticism or control, they may develop shame and doubt.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3-6 years): Children begin to assert control and take initiative in their activities. If their efforts are overly restricted or criticized, they may develop guilt.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age, 6-12 years): Children start to develop a sense of competence and accomplishment through their schoolwork and other activities. If they experience repeated failures or lack of support, they may develop feelings of inferiority.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12-18 years): Adolescents explore and develop a sense of self-identity, including their values, beliefs, and goals. If they struggle to establish a clear identity, they may experience role confusion.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 18-40 years): Young adults seek close and meaningful relationships with others. If they are unable to form intimate relationships, they may experience feelings of isolation.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40-65 years): Adults strive to contribute to society and leave a positive impact on future generations. If they feel unproductive or stagnant, they may experience a sense of dissatisfaction.
8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65+ years): Older adults reflect on their lives and evaluate their accomplishments. If they feel a sense of fulfillment and wisdom, they develop integrity. However, if they have regrets or feel a lack of purpose, they may experience despair.
It is important to note that these stages are not strictly age-dependent, and individuals may experience them at different times or revisit them throughout their lives.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 year): Infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency and reliability of their care.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1-3 years): Children develop a sense of independence and autonomy as they learn to control their bodies and make choices. If they face excessive criticism or control, they may develop shame and doubt.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3-6 years): Children begin to assert control and take initiative in their activities. If their efforts are overly restricted or criticized, they may develop guilt.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age, 6-12 years): Children start to develop a sense of competence and accomplishment through their schoolwork and other activities. If they experience repeated failures or lack of support, they may develop feelings of inferiority.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12-18 years): Adolescents explore and develop a sense of self-identity, including their values, beliefs, and goals. If they struggle to establish a clear identity, they may experience role confusion.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 18-40 years): Young adults seek close and meaningful relationships with others. If they are unable to form intimate relationships, they may experience feelings of isolation.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40-65 years): Adults strive to contribute to society and leave a positive impact on future generations. If they feel unproductive or stagnant, they may experience a sense of dissatisfaction.
8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65+ years): Older adults reflect on their lives and evaluate their accomplishments. If they feel a sense of fulfillment and wisdom, they develop integrity. However, if they have regrets or feel a lack of purpose, they may experience despair.
It is important to note that these stages are not strictly age-dependent, and individuals may experience them at different times or revisit them throughout their lives.
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