1. Deterrence: Punishment is used to deter individuals from committing crimes by making them aware of the consequences of their actions.
2. Retribution: Punishment is used to seek retribution or revenge for the harm caused by the offender. It is seen as a form of justice for the victim and society.
3. Rehabilitation: Punishment is used to reform and rehabilitate offenders, helping them to change their behavior and become law-abiding citizens.
4. Incapacitation: Punishment is used to protect society from dangerous individuals by removing them from the community and preventing them from committing further crimes.
5. Restitution: Punishment may involve requiring offenders to make restitution to their victims, either through financial compensation or other means, to make amends for the harm caused.