What are the forms of library catalog?

There are several forms of library catalogs, including:

1. Card catalog: A traditional form of library catalog where information about library materials is recorded on physical cards, organized by author, title, and subject.

2. Online catalog: A digital form of library catalog that allows users to search for library materials using keywords, titles, authors, and subjects. Online catalogs can be accessed through library websites or specialized library catalog systems.

3. OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog): An online catalog system that allows users to search for library materials, place holds, renew items, and manage their library accounts online.

4. Subject catalog: A catalog organized by subject headings, allowing users to browse materials based on specific topics or subjects.

5. Union catalog: A catalog that combines the holdings of multiple libraries, allowing users to search for materials across different library collections.

6. Specialized catalog: A catalog that focuses on a specific type of material, such as rare books, manuscripts, or audiovisual materials.

7. Digital catalog: A catalog that includes digital resources, such as e-books, e-journals, and online databases, in addition to physical materials.

Traditional Forms:

- Card Catalog: A physical collection of index cards with bibliographic information about library holdings.
- Book Catalog: A printed or digital publication that compiles bibliographic records in book form.

Electronic Forms:

- Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC): A web-based or terminal-based system that allows users to search the library's collection using keywords, subject headings, or other criteria.
- Integrated Library System (ILS): A software system that combines multiple library functions, including cataloging, circulation, and acquisitions, into a single interface.
- Discovery Layer: A web-based platform that provides a unified search interface for accessing multiple library resources, including the catalog, databases, and e-journals.

Specialized Forms:

- Union Catalog: A catalog that combines the holdings of multiple libraries or institutions into a single searchable database.
- Shared Catalog: A catalog that is shared by multiple libraries, allowing users to access each other's collections.
- Retrospective Catalog: A catalog that includes records for materials acquired before a certain date.
- Machine-Readable Catalog (MARC): A standardized format for sharing bibliographic data between libraries.

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