What are the elements which make up a total logistics cost?

1. Transportation costs: This includes the cost of moving goods from one location to another, whether by road, rail, air, or sea.

2. Inventory carrying costs: This includes the cost of holding and storing inventory, including rent, utilities, insurance, and depreciation.

3. Warehousing costs: This includes the cost of operating and maintaining warehouses, including labor, equipment, and utilities.

4. Packaging costs: This includes the cost of packaging materials and labor required to package goods for shipment.

5. Order processing costs: This includes the cost of processing orders, including labor, technology, and administrative expenses.

6. Customs duties and taxes: This includes any duties or taxes that must be paid when goods cross international borders.

7. Insurance costs: This includes the cost of insuring goods against loss or damage during transportation and storage.

8. Administrative costs: This includes the cost of managing and coordinating logistics activities, including salaries, benefits, and overhead expenses.

9. Returns and reverse logistics costs: This includes the cost of handling returns and managing the reverse flow of goods back through the supply chain.

10. Technology and software costs: This includes the cost of implementing and maintaining logistics technology and software systems to optimize operations and track shipments.