Accounts can be classified into five main categories based on their nature and purpose:
1. Assets: These are resources owned by a company that have economic value and can be used to generate future benefits. Examples include cash, inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable.
2. Liabilities: These are obligations or debts that a company owes to external parties. Examples include loans, accounts payable, and accrued expenses.
3. Equity: This represents the ownership interest in a company, which is the difference between its assets and liabilities. Equity accounts include common stock, retained earnings, and additional paid-in capital.
4. Revenue: These accounts track the income generated by a company from its primary business activities. Examples include sales revenue, service revenue, and interest income.
5. Expenses: These accounts represent the costs incurred by a company in order to generate revenue. Examples include salaries, rent, utilities, and advertising expenses.
- Gain: Increase in the value of an asset or decrease in the value of a liability - Loss: Decrease in the value of an asset or increase in the value of a liability - Contra-Account: Account with a balance that offsets another account balance (e.g., Accumulated Depreciation)