What are the characteristic features of: 1. Shannon-Weaver's model 2. Harold Lasswell's model 3. Westley and MacLean's model 4. Wilbur Schramm's model

1. Shannon-Weaver's model:
- Linear model of communication
- Sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel to a receiver
- Noise can disrupt the communication process
- Feedback is essential for effective communication

2. Harold Lasswell's model:
- Focuses on the content of communication
- Five key questions: Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?
- Emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of communication on the audience

3. Westley and MacLean's model:
- Two-way symmetrical model of communication
- Emphasizes the importance of feedback and dialogue in communication
- Considers the role of context and social factors in shaping communication

4. Wilbur Schramm's model:
- Interactive model of communication
- Emphasizes the role of both the sender and receiver in the communication process
- Focuses on the interpretation and understanding of messages by the receiver
- Feedback is crucial for effective communication.

1. Shannon-Weaver's Model (1949)

- Depicts communication as a linear process with five key elements:
- Sender: Encodes a message.
- Transmitter: Converts the message into a signal.
- Channel: Carries the signal.
- Receiver: Decodes the signal and interprets the message.
- Destination: The intended recipient.
- Focuses on technical aspects and assumes noise and distortion can interfere with communication.

2. Harold Lasswell's Model (1948)

- A formulaic model that asks the following questions:
- Who (says): The sender of the message.
- What (says): The content of the message.
- Which channel (says): The medium used to transmit the message.
- To whom (says): The intended recipient.
- With what effect (says): The impact of the message.
- Emphasizes the purpose and effects of communication and how different factors influence its success.

3. Westley and MacLean's Model (1955)

- Expands on Lasswell's model and includes feedback and noise.
- Suggests that communication can be influenced by the following:
- Feedback: Response from the receiver.
- Source credibility: The perceived trustworthiness and expertise of the sender.
- Communication environment: The context within which the message is exchanged.
- Focuses on the interactive nature of communication and how external factors can affect its effectiveness.

4. Wilbur Schramm's Model (1954)

- A circular model that highlights the encoding and decoding processes.
- Consists of the following components:
- Field of experience: The shared knowledge and experiences of the sender and receiver.
- Encoder: Transforms ideas into symbols.
- Signal: The encoded message.
- Decoder: Interprets the symbols and reconstructs the message.
- Feedback: Response from the receiver that allows for clarification and adjustment.
- Emphasizes the importance of shared experiences and the role of feedback in ensuring effective communication.