Parts of Speech
- Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., boy, city, book, freedom)
- Pronouns: Words that replace nouns (e.g., he, her, it, they)
- Verbs: Words that describe actions or states of being (e.g., run, talk, think)
- Adjectives: Words that describe nouns (e.g., big, beautiful, fast)
- Adverbs: Words that describe verbs (e.g., quickly, slowly, quietly)
- Prepositions: Words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word (e.g., on, under, in)
- Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)
- Interjections: Words that express strong emotions (e.g., oh, wow, oops)
Sentence Structure
- Subject: The person or thing doing or being something in a sentence (e.g., The boy ran.)
- Verb: The action or state of being in a sentence (e.g., The boy ran.)
- Object: The person or thing receiving the action of a verb (e.g., The boy ran to the store.)
- Complement: A word or phrase that provides additional information about the subject or object (e.g., The boy is a student.)
Types of Sentences
- Declarative: A sentence that makes a statement (e.g., The dog is barking.)
- Interrogative: A sentence that asks a question (e.g., Where is the dog?)
- Imperative: A sentence that gives a command or request (e.g., Close the door.)
- Exclamatory: A sentence that expresses strong emotion (e.g., Wow, that was amazing!)
Tense:
- Present: Describes actions or states of being that are happening now (e.g., The dog is barking.)
- Past: Describes actions or states of being that happened before now (e.g., The dog barked.)
- Future: Describes actions or states of being that will happen after now (e.g., The dog will bark.)
Other Grammatical Concepts
- Punctuation: Symbols that indicate pauses, emphasis, or questions (e.g., period, comma, question mark)
- Capitalization: Using uppercase letters for the first letter of a proper noun or sentence
- Agreement: Making sure that subjects and verbs, and nouns and pronouns, agree in number (e.g., The boys are playing.)
- Modification: Using adjectives and adverbs to describe nouns and verbs
- Formality: Using formal or informal language depending on the context