What are some equations of principle of banking in first semester in first Year in university level of degree?

The principles of banking covered in the first semester of a university-level degree program may include the following equations:

1. Simple Interest Formula:
I = P * r * t
Where:
I = Interest
P = Principal amount
r = Rate of interest
t = Time period

2. Compound Interest Formula:
A = P * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where:
A = Final amount
P = Principal amount
r = Annual interest rate
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Time period in years

3. Loan Repayment Formula:
EMI = [P * r * (1 + r)^n] / [(1 + r)^n - 1]
Where:
EMI = Equated Monthly Installment
P = Principal amount
r = Monthly interest rate
n = Number of monthly installments

4. Present Value Formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value
FV = Future value
r = Discount rate
n = Number of periods

5. Return on Investment (ROI) Formula:
ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) * 100
Where:
ROI = Return on Investment
Net Profit = Total profit - Total cost
Cost of Investment = Initial investment

These equations are commonly used in banking and finance courses to understand various concepts related to interest, loans, investments, and returns.

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