What are 5 major causes of maternal mortality,define obstructed labour,outline 4 causes of obstructed labour, describe preventive measures of obstructed labour? ?

Five major causes of maternal mortality include:

1. Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding during childbirth can lead to severe complications and even death if not managed promptly.
2. Infection: Inadequate hygiene practices during childbirth can lead to infections that can be life-threatening for the mother.
3. Hypertensive disorders: Conditions such as preeclampsia and eclampsia can cause high blood pressure and other complications that can be fatal if not treated.
4. Unsafe abortion: Complications from unsafe abortion procedures can lead to maternal mortality.
5. Obstructed labour: When the baby cannot pass through the birth canal due to physical obstructions, it can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby.

Obstructed labour is a condition where the baby is unable to pass through the birth canal due to physical obstructions. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Fetal malposition: When the baby is not in the correct position for delivery, it can lead to obstructed labour.
2. Pelvic abnormalities: If the mother's pelvis is too small or misshapen, it can prevent the baby from passing through.
3. Large baby: If the baby is too large to pass through the birth canal, it can lead to obstructed labour.
4. Uterine abnormalities: Conditions such as fibroids or tumors can obstruct the baby's passage during childbirth.

Preventive measures for obstructed labour include:

1. Prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups can help identify any potential risk factors for obstructed labour and allow for early intervention.
2. Proper positioning: Encouraging the mother to adopt optimal positions during labour can help prevent obstructions.
3. Cesarean section: In cases where obstructed labour is anticipated, a cesarean section may be recommended to safely deliver the baby.
4. Training and education: Healthcare providers should be trained in identifying and managing obstructed labour to prevent complications and reduce maternal mortality.

5 Major Causes of Maternal Mortality

1. Severe bleeding after childbirth (postpartum hemorrhage)
2. Infections during pregnancy and childbirth (sepsis)
3. High blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia)
4. Obstructed labor
5. Unsafe abortion

Definition of Obstructed Labor

Obstructed labor is a condition in which the baby cannot be delivered through the birth canal due to an obstruction. This can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby.

4 Causes of Obstructed Labor

1. Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD): When the baby's head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis.
2. Fetal malposition: When the baby is presenting in an abnormal position, such as with the face or breech down.
3. Uterine rupture: A tear in the uterus that can occur during labor.
4. Maternal soft tissue abnormalities: Such as fibroids or tumors in the birth canal.

Preventive Measures of Obstructed Labor

- Adequate antenatal care: Regular prenatal appointments can help identify and manage risk factors for obstructed labor, such as CPD.
- Skilled birth attendants: Trained midwives or doctors can help diagnose and manage obstructed labor promptly.
- Access to safe and timely cesarean section: In cases where obstructed labor cannot be resolved vaginally, a cesarean section may be necessary.
- Health education: Educating women about the signs and symptoms of obstructed labor and the importance of seeking medical care can help prevent complications.