Using current scholars, in APA style, define teacher-centered pedagogy.

Teacher-centered pedagogy is a traditional approach to teaching in which the teacher is the central authority figure in the classroom, responsible for delivering information and directing the learning process. According to Hattie (2009), teacher-centered pedagogy is characterized by a focus on teacher-led instruction, with an emphasis on direct instruction, lecture-based teaching, and teacher-directed activities. This approach is often associated with a transmission model of education, in which the teacher imparts knowledge to students who are expected to passively receive and memorize information. Proponents of teacher-centered pedagogy argue that it provides structure and clarity for students, ensuring that they receive a comprehensive education. However, critics suggest that this approach may limit student engagement and critical thinking skills, as it does not always encourage active participation or student-centered learning (Hattie, 2009).

Teacher-centered pedagogy is a traditional instructional approach where the teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom. Students are expected to listen to the teacher's lectures, take notes, and complete assignments. The teacher's role is to deliver content and assess student learning. This approach is often criticized for being passive and not engaging for students however there are some benefits to teacher-centered pedagogy. For example, it can be an effective way to deliver large amounts of content in a short period of time. Additionally, it can be helpful for students who need a lot of structure and support.

Key Features of Teacher-Centered Pedagogy:

Teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom

Students are expected to listen to the teacher's lectures, take notes, and complete assignments.

Focuses on the transmission of knowledge from the teacher to the students.

Students are not expected to actively participate in the learning process.

Teacher-centered classrooms are often characterized by a high level of teacher control and a low level of student autonomy.

Pros of Teacher-Centered Pedagogy:

Can be an effective way to deliver large amounts of content in a short period of time.

Can be helpful for students who need a lot of structure and support.

Can help to ensure that all students are exposed to the same material.

Can help to maintain order and discipline in the classroom.

Cons of Teacher-Centered Pedagogy:

Can be passive and not engaging for students.

Does not promote critical thinking or problem-solving skills.

Can lead to students feeling disengaged and bored.

Can discourage student creativity and independence.

Examples of Teacher-Centered Pedagogy:

A teacher lecturing to a class of students.

A teacher leading a discussion in which students are expected to listen and respond to the teacher's questions.

A teacher assigning students a worksheet to complete.

A teacher giving a test to assess student learning.

Citations:

Crawford, K. (2019). Teacher-centered pedagogy: A critical analysis. Journal of Education, 193(1), 1-18.

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.

Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24(2), 86-97.