1. Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines contain a weakened form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. Examples include the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the oral polio vaccine.
2. Inactivated vaccines: These vaccines contain killed versions of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. Examples include the flu vaccine and the hepatitis A vaccine.
3. Subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines: These vaccines contain only specific parts of the virus or bacteria that trigger an immune response. Examples include the hepatitis B vaccine and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
4. Toxoid vaccines: These vaccines contain a toxin produced by the virus or bacteria that has been inactivated. Examples include the tetanus vaccine and the diphtheria vaccine.
5. mRNA vaccines: These vaccines use a small piece of genetic material called messenger RNA to instruct cells in the body to produce a protein that triggers an immune response. Examples include the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.
6. DNA vaccines: These vaccines use a small piece of DNA to instruct cells in the body to produce a protein that triggers an immune response. Currently, there are no DNA vaccines approved for use in humans.
7. Vector vaccines: These vaccines use a harmless virus or bacteria as a vector to deliver genetic material from the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. Examples include the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine and the Ebola vaccine.
1
Google Gemini AI
Sep 16
Live-attenuated vaccines
Live-attenuated vaccines contain a weakened (attenuated) form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. The weakened organism is still alive, but it is no longer able to cause disease. When a person is vaccinated with a live-attenuated vaccine, the immune system responds by producing antibodies against the weakened organism. These antibodies can then protect the person from infection with the wild-type (non-attenuated) organism.
Inactivated vaccines contain a killed form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. The killed organism is no longer able to cause disease, but it can still stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
Toxoid vaccines contain a modified form of a toxin that is produced by a bacterium. The toxin is modified so that it is no longer able to cause disease, but it can still stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
Examples of toxoid vaccines include:
- Diphtheria vaccine - Tetanus vaccine
Subunit vaccines
Subunit vaccines contain only a specific part of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease. This part is usually a protein that is essential for the organism to cause disease.
Examples of subunit vaccines include:
- Hepatitis B vaccine - Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
Conjugate vaccines
Conjugate vaccines are made by linking a polysaccharide (a type of sugar molecule) to a protein. The polysaccharide is usually part of the outer coat of a bacterium. The protein is used to help the immune system recognize and respond to the polysaccharide.
Examples of conjugate vaccines include:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine - Pneumococcal vaccine - Meningococcal vaccine
DNA vaccines
DNA vaccines contain a small piece of DNA that encodes a protein that is essential for the virus or bacteria to cause disease. When the DNA is injected into a person's body, the cells in the body will produce the protein. The immune system will then recognize and respond to the protein, producing antibodies that can protect the person from infection.
DNA vaccines are still in the early stages of development, but they have the potential to be very effective and long-lasting.
1
Kelly Smith
Sep 17
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