- P-N Junction Diode: Basic diode with a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor - Schottky Diode: Metal-semiconductor junction with very low forward voltage drop - Zener Diode: Designed to break down under high reverse voltage without damage
2. LED (Light Emitting Diode)
- Emits light when forward-biased - Common types include visible, infrared, and ultraviolet LEDs
3. Photodiode
- Converts light into electrical current - Used in photo detectors, solar cells, and fiber optics
4. Laser Diode
- Emits a highly focused beam of coherent light - Used in lasers, optical communications, and laser pointers
5. Varactor Diode
- Voltage-dependent capacitor - Used for frequency tuning, voltage regulation, and parametric amplification
6. Tunnel Diode
- Very high peak current with a negative resistance region - Used in high-speed switching applications
7. Gunn Diode
- Solid-state microwave oscillator - Generates microwaves with high power and efficiency