- Hunter-gatherer societies: Subsistence based on hunting and gathering, nomadic lifestyle. - Pastoral societies: Subsistence based on herding animals, semi-nomadic lifestyle. - Agricultural societies: Subsistence based on farming and agriculture, settled lifestyle.
2. Industrial Societies
- Industrialized societies: Focus on manufacturing and production, urbanization, technological advancements. - Post-industrial societies: Shift from manufacturing to service industries, knowledge-based economy, high levels of education and technology.
3. Based on Political Organization
- Monarchy: Power concentrated in a single ruler, inherited or elected. - Republic: Power vested in elected representatives of the people. - Democracy: Power distributed among all citizens, elected government. - Dictatorship: Power concentrated in a single individual or group, no democratic process. - Communism: Power held by the state, collective ownership of property.
4. Based on Social Stratification
- Caste system: Rigid social hierarchy based on birth, no social mobility. - Class system: Social hierarchy based on economic status and occupation, some social mobility. - Stratified society: Inequality based on social, economic, or political status. - Egalitarian society: Relatively little inequality between individuals or groups.
5. Based on Legal Systems
- Common law: Laws based on precedents set by judges. - Civil law: Laws codified in written form. - Theocratic law: Laws based on religious principles. - Customary law: Laws based on unwritten traditions and practices.
6. Based on Economic Systems
- Capitalism: Private ownership of property, profit-driven economy. - Socialism: State or collective ownership of property, central planning. - Mixed economy: Combination of capitalist and socialist elements. - Barter economy: Exchange of goods and services without money. - Monetary economy: Use of money as a medium of exchange.
7. Based on Religious Beliefs
- Monotheistic society: Belief in one God. - Polytheistic society: Belief in multiple gods. - Atheistic society: No belief in any gods. - Secular society: Separation of religion from government and public life.