Anonymous
Jan 7
Transgenic animals:- Procedure and application?, Gene knock technology:- Procedure and application?
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Jan 7
Transgenic animals:
Procedure:
1. Isolate the gene of interest: The gene of interest is identified and isolated from the DNA of a donor organism.
2. Insert the gene into a vector: The gene is inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid or a viral vector, which acts as a carrier to transfer the gene into the target animal's genome.
3. Introduce the vector into the animal's genome: The vector carrying the gene is introduced into the reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) of the target animal. This can be done through various techniques, such as microinjection or viral infection.
4. Generate transgenic animals: The modified reproductive cells are used to create embryos, which are then implanted into surrogate animals. These surrogate animals give birth to transgenic animals that carry the inserted gene in their genome.
Applications:
1. Biomedical research: Transgenic animals are used to study the function of specific genes and their role in disease development. They can be used to model human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, or diabetes, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop potential treatments.
2. Pharmaceutical production: Transgenic animals can be engineered to produce specific proteins or antibodies that are used in the production of pharmaceutical drugs. For example, transgenic goats have been developed to produce human antithrombin, a protein used to prevent blood clotting disorders.
3. Agriculture: Transgenic animals can be engineered to exhibit desirable traits, such as increased resistance to diseases, improved growth rates, or enhanced milk or meat production. This can lead to more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.
Gene knock technology:
Procedure:
1. Design and construct a targeting vector: A targeting vector is designed to carry a selectable marker gene and a DNA sequence that will replace the target gene. This vector is introduced into the cells.
2. Introduce the targeting vector into cells: The targeting vector is introduced into the cells of interest, such as embryonic stem cells or cultured cells, through techniques like electroporation or viral infection.
3. Select for cells with the desired genetic modification: Cells that have successfully incorporated the targeting vector are selected using a selectable marker gene, which allows only the cells with the desired genetic modification to survive and grow.
4. Confirm gene knockout: The cells that have undergone gene knockout are further analyzed to confirm the absence or disruption of the target gene. This can be done through techniques like PCR, DNA sequencing, or protein analysis.
Applications:
1. Functional gene analysis: Gene knock technology allows researchers to study the function of specific genes by observing the effects of their knockout. By comparing the phenotype of knockout animals or cells with normal ones, researchers can infer the role of the target gene in various biological processes.
2. Disease modeling: Gene knock technology can be used to create animal models that mimic human genetic diseases. By knocking out specific disease-related genes, researchers can study the disease mechanisms and test potential therapeutic interventions.
3. Drug target identification: Gene knock technology can help identify potential drug targets by studying the effects of gene knockout on cellular processes. This information can be used to develop drugs that specifically target these genes or their products.
Procedure:
1. Isolate the gene of interest: The gene of interest is identified and isolated from the DNA of a donor organism.
2. Insert the gene into a vector: The gene is inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid or a viral vector, which acts as a carrier to transfer the gene into the target animal's genome.
3. Introduce the vector into the animal's genome: The vector carrying the gene is introduced into the reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) of the target animal. This can be done through various techniques, such as microinjection or viral infection.
4. Generate transgenic animals: The modified reproductive cells are used to create embryos, which are then implanted into surrogate animals. These surrogate animals give birth to transgenic animals that carry the inserted gene in their genome.
Applications:
1. Biomedical research: Transgenic animals are used to study the function of specific genes and their role in disease development. They can be used to model human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, or diabetes, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop potential treatments.
2. Pharmaceutical production: Transgenic animals can be engineered to produce specific proteins or antibodies that are used in the production of pharmaceutical drugs. For example, transgenic goats have been developed to produce human antithrombin, a protein used to prevent blood clotting disorders.
3. Agriculture: Transgenic animals can be engineered to exhibit desirable traits, such as increased resistance to diseases, improved growth rates, or enhanced milk or meat production. This can lead to more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.
Gene knock technology:
Procedure:
1. Design and construct a targeting vector: A targeting vector is designed to carry a selectable marker gene and a DNA sequence that will replace the target gene. This vector is introduced into the cells.
2. Introduce the targeting vector into cells: The targeting vector is introduced into the cells of interest, such as embryonic stem cells or cultured cells, through techniques like electroporation or viral infection.
3. Select for cells with the desired genetic modification: Cells that have successfully incorporated the targeting vector are selected using a selectable marker gene, which allows only the cells with the desired genetic modification to survive and grow.
4. Confirm gene knockout: The cells that have undergone gene knockout are further analyzed to confirm the absence or disruption of the target gene. This can be done through techniques like PCR, DNA sequencing, or protein analysis.
Applications:
1. Functional gene analysis: Gene knock technology allows researchers to study the function of specific genes by observing the effects of their knockout. By comparing the phenotype of knockout animals or cells with normal ones, researchers can infer the role of the target gene in various biological processes.
2. Disease modeling: Gene knock technology can be used to create animal models that mimic human genetic diseases. By knocking out specific disease-related genes, researchers can study the disease mechanisms and test potential therapeutic interventions.
3. Drug target identification: Gene knock technology can help identify potential drug targets by studying the effects of gene knockout on cellular processes. This information can be used to develop drugs that specifically target these genes or their products.
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