Physics
- Mechanics: motion, forces, energy, momentum
- Heat and thermodynamics: temperature, heat transfer, laws of thermodynamics
- Waves and optics: wave properties, light and sound waves, lenses and mirrors
- Electricity and magnetism: electric circuits, magnetism, electromagnetic induction
- Modern physics: atomic structure, radioactivity, quantum mechanics
Biology
- Cell biology: cell structure and function, cell cycle
- Molecular biology: DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
- Genetics: Mendelian genetics, DNA technology
- Evolution: natural selection, adaptation, speciation
- Ecology: ecosystems, populations, communities, conservation
Chemistry
- Matter and its properties: states of matter, chemical bonding
- Chemical reactions: stoichiometry, kinetics, equilibrium
- Acids and bases: pH, acid-base reactions
- Organic chemistry: hydrocarbons, functional groups, polymers
- Biochemistry: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, metabolism
Mathematics
- Algebra: variables, equations, inequalities, functions
- Geometry: shapes, angles, area, volume, trigonometry
- Calculus: derivatives, integrals, limits
- Statistics: data analysis, probability, inference
- Number theory: prime numbers, divisibility, number systems
Geography
- Physical geography: landforms, climate, vegetation, water resources
- Human geography: population, culture, economics, political systems
- Environmental geography: natural hazards, environmental issues, sustainability
- Cartography: maps and mapping techniques
- Geospatial technologies: GIS, remote sensing