1. Content analysis: Examining the content of media messages, such as news articles, television programs, or social media posts, to identify patterns, themes, and biases.
2. Framing analysis: Analyzing how media outlets frame or present a particular issue or event, including the language used, the sources cited, and the overall narrative constructed.
3. Semiotic analysis: Studying the signs and symbols used in media texts, such as images, logos, and colors, to understand their meaning and impact on audiences.
4. Audience reception analysis: Investigating how audiences interpret and respond to media messages, including their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors influenced by media content.
5. Political economy analysis: Examining the economic and political forces that shape media production and distribution, including ownership structures, advertising revenue, and government regulations.
6. Discourse analysis: Analyzing the language and rhetoric used in media discourse to uncover underlying power dynamics, ideologies, and social norms.
7. Social media analytics: Using data and metrics from social media platforms to track trends, sentiment, and engagement with media content.
8. Comparative media analysis: Comparing media coverage across different outlets, platforms, or countries to identify differences in framing, bias, and representation.