1. Genetic and biology: Some researchers argue that genetic and biological factors play a significant role in shaping an individual's socialization process. For example, studies have shown that certain genetic traits can predispose individuals to certain behaviors or personality traits, which can in turn influence how they interact with others and navigate social situations (Plomin, DeFries, & Loehlin, 1977). Additionally, biological factors such as hormones and brain chemistry can also impact socialization by influencing emotions, cognition, and social behavior (Blakemore & Mills, 2014).
2. Social environment: On the other hand, proponents of the social environment perspective argue that the environment in which an individual is raised has a greater influence on their socialization than genetic or biological factors. For example, social learning theory posits that individuals learn social behaviors and norms through observation, imitation, and reinforcement from their social environment (Bandura, 1977). Additionally, sociocultural factors such as family dynamics, peer relationships, and cultural norms can shape an individual's socialization process and influence their beliefs, values, and behaviors (Bronfenbrenner, 1979).
3. Raised in argumentative format: Some scholars argue that both genetic and biological factors, as well as the social environment, play a role in shaping an individual's socialization. They suggest that it is not a matter of nature versus nurture, but rather a complex interplay between the two that ultimately determines how individuals develop socially (Rutter, 2007). For example, research has shown that genetic predispositions can interact with environmental factors to influence social behaviors and outcomes (Caspi et al., 2002). Additionally, studies have demonstrated that individuals raised in different social environments can exhibit varying levels of social competence and adaptability, highlighting the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences in understanding socialization processes (Lerner, 2006).