Surgical methods of contraception, also known as permanent contraception or sterilization, are procedures that permanently prevent pregnancy by blocking or cutting the fallopian tubes in women or the vas deferens in men. These methods are considered irreversible and are intended for individuals who do not wish to have any or any more children.
1. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or sealed to prevent the eggs from reaching the uterus. It can be done through a small incision in the abdomen (laparoscopic tubal ligation) or immediately after childbirth (postpartum tubal ligation).
2. Hysteroscopic sterilization: This is a non-surgical method in which a small device is inserted into the fallopian tubes through the vagina and cervix. The device causes scar tissue to form, blocking the tubes and preventing fertilization.
3. Vasectomy: This is a surgical procedure for men in which the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra, are cut or blocked. This prevents sperm from being ejaculated during sexual intercourse.
It is important to note that surgical methods of contraception are considered permanent and should only be chosen by individuals who are certain they do not want to have any or any more children. These methods do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so additional methods of protection may be necessary.