Stone science, also known as lithology or petrology, is the scientific study of rocks and stones. It involves the examination and analysis of the composition, structure, and formation of rocks, as well as their physical and chemical properties. Stone science encompasses various sub-disciplines, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic petrology, which focus on different types of rocks and their origins. This field of study is important for understanding Earth's history, geological processes, and the formation of mineral resources. It also has practical applications in fields such as construction, archaeology, and geotechnical engineering.