1. Definition and types of polyploidy 2. Mechanisms of polyploid formation 3. Significance of polyploidy in plant evolution 4. Polyploidy and speciation 5. Polyploidy and genetic diversity 6. Polyploidy and adaptation to environmental changes 7. Polyploidy and reproductive strategies in plants 8. Polyploidy and hybridization 9. Polyploidy and crop improvement 10. Polyploidy and genome evolution 11. Polyploidy and gene expression regulation 12. Polyploidy and epigenetic modifications 13. Polyploidy and genome stability 14. Polyploidy and gene dosage effects 15. Polyploidy and plant breeding strategies