1. Direct Contact Transmission
- Occurs when an infected person's skin or mucous membranes come into direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes of a susceptible person.
- Examples: skin infections (e.g., impetigo), respiratory infections (e.g., kissing disease), sexually transmitted infections (e.g., gonorrhea)
2. Indirect Contact Transmission
- Occurs when an infected person's body fluids or secretions (e.g., saliva, urine, feces) come into contact with a susceptible person through a contaminated object or surface.
- Examples: respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, whooping cough), gastrointestinal infections (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella)
3. Airborne Transmission
- Occurs when an infected person releases small droplets containing pathogens into the air, which are then inhaled by a susceptible person.
- Examples: respiratory infections (e.g., measles, mumps, COVID-19), tuberculosis
4. Droplet Transmission
- Similar to airborne transmission, but the droplets are larger and travel only a short distance before falling to the ground.
- Examples: respiratory infections (e.g., strep throat, flu)
5. Fomite Transmission
- Occurs when an infected person contaminates an object or surface with pathogens, which are then transferred to a susceptible person who touches the object or surface.
- Examples: gastrointestinal infections (e.g., E. coli, norovirus), respiratory infections (e.g., colds)
6. Foodborne Transmission
- Occurs when an infected person contaminates food or water with pathogens, which are then consumed by a susceptible person.
- Examples: gastrointestinal infections (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli)
7. Vector-Borne Transmission
- Occurs when pathogens are transmitted to humans by an infected animal, such as an insect (e.g., mosquito, tick) or animal (e.g., dog, cat).
- Examples: malaria, dengue fever, Lyme disease