State the differences between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles?

1. Structure: Skeletal muscles are striated and have a multinucleated structure, while smooth muscles are non-striated and have a single nucleus.

2. Control: Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, meaning they can be consciously controlled by the individual. Smooth muscles are under involuntary control, meaning they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

3. Location: Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for movement of the body. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and other structures and are responsible for involuntary movements such as peristalsis.

4. Contraction: Skeletal muscles contract quickly and forcefully, allowing for rapid movements. Smooth muscles contract slowly and rhythmically, allowing for sustained contractions over longer periods of time.

5. Fatigue: Skeletal muscles can become fatigued after prolonged use, while smooth muscles have a greater resistance to fatigue.

6. Regulation: Skeletal muscles are regulated by the somatic nervous system, while smooth muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Skletal Muscles | Smooth Muscles
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Structure:
- Multinucleated, striated (banded) | Uninucleated, non-striated
- Attached to bones via tendons | Attached to organs and tissues
- Voluntary control (conscious) | Involuntary control (unconscious)

Function:
- Produce movement | Control internal functions (e.g., digestion, blood flow)
- Responsible for locomotion, posture, facial expressions | Regulate blood pressure, airflow, and other physiological processes

Location:
- Found in limbs, trunk, head, and neck | Found in internal organs, blood vessels, and airways

Cell Type:
- Large, elongated cells | Smaller, spindle-shaped cells

Contractile Machinery:
- Myosin and actin arranged in sarcomeres, giving the banded appearance | Myosin and actin present, but not arranged in sarcomeres

Innervation:
- Innervated by somatic motor neurons | Innervated by autonomic motor neurons

Contraction:
- Fast, powerful contractions | Slow, sustained contractions
- All-or-nothing response | Gradual response

Fatigue:
- Subject to fatigue | Less prone to fatigue

Other Key Differences:
- Skeletal muscles contain glycogen stores for energy | Smooth muscles have fewer glycogen stores
- Skeletal muscles have higher metabolic rates | Smooth muscles have lower metabolic rates
- Skeletal muscles require calcium ions for contraction | Smooth muscles can contract without calcium ions