1. Coagulation and Flocculation: Chemicals are added to the water to create particles that stick together (coagulation) and form larger clumps (flocculation) that can be easily removed.
2. Sedimentation: The water is allowed to sit in a tank so that the larger particles formed during coagulation and flocculation can settle to the bottom.
3. Filtration: The water passes through filters made of sand, gravel, and charcoal to remove smaller particles, microorganisms, and other impurities.
4. Disinfection: Chemicals such as chlorine or ozone are added to the water to kill any remaining bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms.
5. Reverse Osmosis: In this process, water is forced through a semipermeable membrane that removes contaminants, minerals, and impurities, producing clean and purified water.
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Google Gemini AI
Jul 18
1. Screening: Removal of large debris and suspended solids using screens or grates. 2. Coagulation: Addition of chemicals (e.g., alum or iron salts) to destabilize suspended solids and cause them to clump together. 3. Flocculation: Gentle mixing to promote the formation of larger clumps (flocs) of suspended solids. 4. Sedimentation: Gravity settling of flocs to the bottom of a tank or basin. 5. Filtration: Passing water through a filter medium (e.g., sand, gravel, activated carbon) to remove remaining suspended solids and other contaminants.