State and explain the observation made when red litmus paper were dropped in the contents of the trough after the reaction of sodium and water ?

The observation made when blue and red litmus paper were dropped in the contents of the trough after the reaction of sodium and water is that the blue litmus paper turns red, indicating that the solution is acidic. This is because the reaction of sodium and water produces sodium hydroxide, which is a strong base. When the sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the air, it forms sodium carbonate, which is a weak acid. This weak acid turns the blue litmus paper red, indicating the presence of an acidic solution.