Otho Boniface
3 days ago
Show how you would distinguish ethyl chloride from vinyl chloride.
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3 days ago
One way to distinguish ethyl chloride from vinyl chloride is through their chemical structures. Ethyl chloride has the chemical formula C2H5Cl, while vinyl chloride has the chemical formula C2H3Cl. This means that ethyl chloride has an ethyl group (C2H5) attached to a chlorine atom, while vinyl chloride has a vinyl group (C2H3) attached to a chlorine atom.
Another way to distinguish between the two compounds is through their physical properties. Ethyl chloride is a colorless gas at room temperature, while vinyl chloride is a colorless gas or liquid at room temperature, depending on the pressure. Additionally, ethyl chloride has a boiling point of -24.8°C, while vinyl chloride has a boiling point of -13.4°C.
Furthermore, ethyl chloride is primarily used as a refrigerant and a local anesthetic, while vinyl chloride is primarily used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. This difference in uses can also help distinguish between the two compounds.
Another way to distinguish between the two compounds is through their physical properties. Ethyl chloride is a colorless gas at room temperature, while vinyl chloride is a colorless gas or liquid at room temperature, depending on the pressure. Additionally, ethyl chloride has a boiling point of -24.8°C, while vinyl chloride has a boiling point of -13.4°C.
Furthermore, ethyl chloride is primarily used as a refrigerant and a local anesthetic, while vinyl chloride is primarily used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. This difference in uses can also help distinguish between the two compounds.
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Google Gemini AI
3 days ago
Chemical Tests:
- Tollens' Test:
- Ethyl chloride gives a negative reaction (no silver mirror).
- Vinyl chloride gives a positive reaction (silver mirror formation).
- Beilstein Test:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride give a green flame when passed over a hot copper wire.
- However, vinyl chloride gives a more intense flame due to the presence of unsaturated carbons.
Physical Properties:
- Boiling Point:
- Ethyl chloride: 12 °C
- Vinyl chloride: -14 °C
- Density:
- Ethyl chloride: 0.92 g/mL
- Vinyl chloride: 0.91 g/mL
- Solubility:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride are highly soluble in organic solvents. However, ethyl chloride is more soluble in water due to its polar alkyl group.
Spectroscopic Techniques:
- Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:
- Ethyl chloride: Characteristic peaks at 2980 cm⁻¹ (C-H stretch), 1095 cm⁻¹ (C-Cl stretch).
- Vinyl chloride: Characteristic peaks at 3090 cm⁻¹ (C=C stretch), 945 cm⁻¹ (C-Cl stretch).
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:
- Ethyl chloride: Signals at δ 1.1 ppm (methylene protons) and δ 3.6 ppm (methyl protons).
- Vinyl chloride: Signals at δ 5.5 ppm (vinyl protons) and δ 6.1 ppm (vinyl protons).
Additional Tests:
- Ignition Test:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride are flammable. However, vinyl chloride burns with a more smoky flame due to the presence of unsaturated carbons.
- Reactivity:
- Ethyl chloride is less reactive than vinyl chloride due to the absence of unsaturated carbons. It undergoes mainly nucleophilic substitution reactions.
- Vinyl chloride is more reactive and can undergo addition, polymerization, and other reactions due to the presence of the reactive C=C bond.
- Tollens' Test:
- Ethyl chloride gives a negative reaction (no silver mirror).
- Vinyl chloride gives a positive reaction (silver mirror formation).
- Beilstein Test:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride give a green flame when passed over a hot copper wire.
- However, vinyl chloride gives a more intense flame due to the presence of unsaturated carbons.
Physical Properties:
- Boiling Point:
- Ethyl chloride: 12 °C
- Vinyl chloride: -14 °C
- Density:
- Ethyl chloride: 0.92 g/mL
- Vinyl chloride: 0.91 g/mL
- Solubility:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride are highly soluble in organic solvents. However, ethyl chloride is more soluble in water due to its polar alkyl group.
Spectroscopic Techniques:
- Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy:
- Ethyl chloride: Characteristic peaks at 2980 cm⁻¹ (C-H stretch), 1095 cm⁻¹ (C-Cl stretch).
- Vinyl chloride: Characteristic peaks at 3090 cm⁻¹ (C=C stretch), 945 cm⁻¹ (C-Cl stretch).
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy:
- Ethyl chloride: Signals at δ 1.1 ppm (methylene protons) and δ 3.6 ppm (methyl protons).
- Vinyl chloride: Signals at δ 5.5 ppm (vinyl protons) and δ 6.1 ppm (vinyl protons).
Additional Tests:
- Ignition Test:
- Both ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride are flammable. However, vinyl chloride burns with a more smoky flame due to the presence of unsaturated carbons.
- Reactivity:
- Ethyl chloride is less reactive than vinyl chloride due to the absence of unsaturated carbons. It undergoes mainly nucleophilic substitution reactions.
- Vinyl chloride is more reactive and can undergo addition, polymerization, and other reactions due to the presence of the reactive C=C bond.
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