Second World War (1939-1945)
Causes:
- Rise of fascism and Nazism in Germany, Italy, and Japan
- Territorial disputes and economic competition
- Failure of the League of Nations to prevent conflict
Major Powers Involved:
- Allies: United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, France, China
- Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy
Key Events:
- September 1, 1939: German invasion of Poland, marking the start of the war
- 1940: Battle of Britain, German Luftwaffe's failed attempt to invade the UK
- December 7, 1941: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into the war
- 1942-1943: Battle of Stalingrad, Soviet victory that turned the tide of the war against Germany
- 1944: Allied invasion of Normandy, beginning of the liberation of Western Europe
- August 6 and 9, 1945: US atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
- September 2, 1945: Japan's surrender, ending the war
Weapons Used:
- Advanced weaponry, including tanks, aircraft, submarines, and machine guns
- Atomic bombs, developed and used for the first time by the US
Casualties:
- Estimated 40-85 million people killed, including civilians, soldiers, and prisoners of war
- Widespread destruction of cities and infrastructure
Aftermath:
- The formation of the United Nations to prevent future conflicts
- The Cold War between the US and Soviet Union
- The division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs
- Technological advancements and the advent of the atomic age
- The creation of Israel and the displacement of Palestinian refugees
- The rise of decolonization movements and the end of European colonialism