Reaction of water with magnesium

When water reacts with magnesium, it forms magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The chemical equation for this reaction is:

Mg + 2H2O -> Mg(OH)2 + H2

The magnesium hydroxide is a white solid that precipitates out of the solution, while the hydrogen gas is released as a gas. This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat energy.

Reaction:

```
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
```

Description:

- Magnesium (Mg) is a solid metal.
- Water (H2O) is a liquid.
- Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is a white solid that dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution.
- Hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas.

Mechanism:

- The reaction involves a transfer of electrons from magnesium to water.
- Magnesium atoms lose two electrons to form magnesium ions (Mg2+).
- These ions react with hydroxide ions (OH-) from water to form magnesium hydroxide.
- The electrons transferred from magnesium are used to reduce water, forming hydrogen gas (H2).

Observations:

- The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat.
- Magnesium metal fizzes and bubbles as it reacts with water, producing hydrogen gas.
- The solution turns cloudy white due to the formation of insoluble magnesium hydroxide.

Applications:

- The reaction between magnesium and water is used in some chemical reactions and industrial processes.
- Magnesium hydroxide is a fire retardant and can be used as an antacid.
- Hydrogen gas produced by this reaction can be used as a fuel.

Safety Precautions:

- The reaction between magnesium and water can be potentially dangerous due to the release of hydrogen gas.
- Hydrogen gas is flammable, so keep away from open flames and heat sources.
- Wear appropriate eye protection and gloves when handling magnesium and water.
- Perform the reaction in a well-ventilated area.