Reaction of sperm:- Sperm motility, capacitation, chemotaxis, acrosome reaction, fusion of sperm and egg plasmalemma?

The reaction of sperm involves several processes that are essential for fertilization to occur. These processes include sperm motility, capacitation, chemotaxis, acrosome reaction, and fusion of sperm and egg plasmalemma.

1. Sperm motility: Sperm cells are equipped with a tail-like structure called a flagellum, which enables them to swim towards the egg. Sperm motility is crucial for the sperm to reach the site of fertilization.

2. Capacitation: After ejaculation, sperm undergo a process called capacitation, which occurs in the female reproductive tract. During capacitation, the sperm membrane undergoes changes that allow it to become more fluid and acquire the ability to fertilize the egg.

3. Chemotaxis: Once capacitated, sperm cells can detect chemical signals released by the egg. This process is known as chemotaxis, and it helps guide the sperm towards the egg by following the concentration gradient of these chemical signals.

4. Acrosome reaction: The acrosome is a specialized structure located at the tip of the sperm head. During the acrosome reaction, enzymes stored in the acrosome are released, allowing the sperm to penetrate the protective layers surrounding the egg.

5. Fusion of sperm and egg plasmalemma: Finally, the sperm reaches the egg and binds to its outer layer, called the zona pellucida. This binding triggers the fusion of the sperm and egg plasmalemma, allowing the sperm to enter the egg and release its genetic material.

Overall, these reactions are essential for successful fertilization to occur, as they enable the sperm to reach and penetrate the egg, leading to the formation of a zygote.