Procedures of collecting sample for parasitological analysis and protozoan parasite that can be identified intracellularly and extracellularly in a sample ?

1. Collection of sample: The sample for parasitological analysis can be collected from various sources such as stool, blood, urine, sputum, or tissue biopsy. The collection method will depend on the type of parasite being investigated.

2. Stool sample collection: Stool samples are commonly collected for the detection of intestinal parasites. The sample should be collected in a clean, dry container and should be free from urine or water. It is important to collect a fresh sample and avoid contamination with toilet water or toilet paper.

3. Blood sample collection: Blood samples may be collected for the detection of blood-borne parasites such as malaria or trypanosomes. The sample can be collected using a venipuncture technique and collected in a sterile tube.

4. Urine sample collection: Urine samples may be collected for the detection of parasites such as Schistosoma haematobium. The sample should be collected in a clean, dry container and should be free from contamination.

5. Sputum sample collection: Sputum samples may be collected for the detection of respiratory parasites such as Pneumocystis jirovecii. The sample should be collected in a sterile container and should be free from contamination.

6. Tissue biopsy sample collection: Tissue biopsy samples may be collected for the detection of parasites that infect tissues such as Toxoplasma gondii. The sample should be collected using a sterile technique and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

Protozoan parasites that can be identified intracellularly and extracellularly in a sample include:

1. Plasmodium species: Plasmodium parasites are intracellular parasites that infect red blood cells and can be identified in a blood sample using microscopy.

2. Giardia lamblia: Giardia is an extracellular parasite that infects the intestines and can be identified in a stool sample using microscopy.

3. Toxoplasma gondii: Toxoplasma is an intracellular parasite that infects tissues and can be identified in a tissue biopsy sample using microscopy.

4. Entamoeba histolytica: Entamoeba is an extracellular parasite that infects the intestines and can be identified in a stool sample using microscopy.

5. Trypanosoma cruzi: Trypanosoma is an intracellular parasite that infects blood cells and can be identified in a blood sample using microscopy.

Procedures for Collecting Samples for Parasitological Analysis

Stool Specimens:

- Collect 3-5 grams of stool in a clean, dry container.
- Preservative: None, unless indicated by specific test.

Blood Specimens:

- Draw fresh blood into a lavender-top EDTA tube.
- Prepare thin and thick blood smears.
- Preserve: EDTA tube at room temperature until testing.

Tissue Specimens:

- Collect biopsy or tissue sample in a sterile container.
- Preservative: Formalin or other appropriate fixative.

Urine Specimens:

- Collect fresh urine in a sterile container.
- Preserve: Add 10% formalin solution.

Other Body Fluids:

- Cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, etc.
- Collect in a sterile container.
- Preserve: Refrigeration or specific preservative as per test requirements.

Protozoan Parasites that can be Identified Intracellularly and Extracellularly in a Sample

Intracellular:

- Malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)
- Identified in red blood cells (RBCs)
- Leishmania spp.
- Found in macrophages
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Intracellular in various tissues, including brain and muscle

Extracellular:

- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Vaginal discharge, urine
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Stool
- Giardia lamblia
- Stool
- Trypanosoma spp.
- Blood
- Taenia spp. (eggs)
- Stool
- Cryptosporidium spp. (oocysts)
- Stool
- Microsporidia (spores)
- Stool, urine, other body fluids