Outline two power losses that occur in a transformer.

1. Copper losses: Copper losses occur due to the resistance of the copper windings in the transformer. When current flows through the windings, it encounters resistance, which results in the generation of heat. This heat energy is lost and reduces the efficiency of the transformer.

2. Eddy current losses: Eddy currents are induced currents that circulate within the core of the transformer due to the changing magnetic field. These currents result in the generation of heat in the core material, leading to energy losses. Eddy current losses can be minimized by using laminated core materials or by using materials with high electrical resistivity.

1. Copper Losses (Ohmic Losses)
- Occur due to the resistance of the transformer windings.
- Power loss: P_copper = I^2 - R_copper, where:
- I is the current flowing through the windings
- R_copper is the resistance of the windings

2. Core Losses (Iron Losses)
- Consist of two main types:
- Hysteresis Losses: Occur due to the magnetization and demagnetization of the core material as the AC current flows.
- Eddy Current Losses: Induced in the core material due to the changing magnetic field, causing current loops that heat the core.
- Power loss: P_core = P_hysteresis + P_eddy_current