Outline the steps in the chain of survival when performing first aid.

1. Recognition of the emergency: The first step in the chain of survival is recognizing that an emergency situation is occurring and taking action to help the person in need.

2. Activation of emergency medical services (EMS): Call 911 or your local emergency number to activate EMS and get professional help on the way.

3. Early CPR: If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR immediately. Perform chest compressions and rescue breaths to help circulate oxygenated blood to the vital organs.

4. Early defibrillation: If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, use it to deliver a shock to the person's heart if they are in cardiac arrest. AEDs are designed to be user-friendly and can help restore a normal heart rhythm.

5. Advanced medical care: Once EMS arrives, they will provide advanced medical care and transport the person to the hospital for further treatment.

6. Post-resuscitation care: After the person has been resuscitated, they may require ongoing medical care and monitoring to ensure their recovery.

7. Rehabilitation: Depending on the nature of the emergency, the person may require rehabilitation services to help them regain function and improve their quality of life.

By following these steps in the chain of survival, you can increase the person's chances of survival and improve their outcomes after a medical emergency.

Chain of Survival for First Aid

1. Scene Safety
- Ensure your own safety before approaching a victim.
- Check for any hazards and call emergency services if necessary.

2. Check for Responsiveness
- Tap the victim's shoulder and shout, "Are you okay?"
- If no response, call for help.

3. Call for Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
- Call 911 or your local emergency number.
- Provide the dispatcher with your location and the victim's condition.

4. Start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing, begin CPR immediately.
- Steps:
- Place the victim on their back on a hard surface.
- Kneel next to them and place the heel of one hand on the center of their chest.
- Place your other hand on top of the first and interlace your fingers.
- Position your shoulders directly above your hands and compress the chest 2 inches deep.
- Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute.
- Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression.

5. Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
- If an AED is available, turn it on and follow its instructions.
- Apply the AED pads to the victim's chest as directed.
- The AED will analyze the victim's heart rhythm and deliver a shock if necessary.

6. Continue CPR
- Continue CPR until EMS arrives or the victim starts breathing on their own.
- Give rescue breaths if you are trained and comfortable doing so.
- Steps:
- Tilt the victim's head back and lift their chin.
- Pinch their nose closed.
- Take a deep breath and seal your lips over the victim's mouth.
- Blow into their mouth for 1 second.
- Give two rescue breaths after every 30 chest compressions.

7. Monitor the Victim
- Once the victim starts breathing, continue to monitor them until EMS arrives.
- Place them in the recovery position (on their side with their head supported) to maintain an open airway.
- Keep them warm and calm.