Outline six precipitants of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Name investigative findings in osteoarthritis.

Six precipitants of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease:
1. Dehydration
2. Infection
3. Cold weather
4. Stress
5. High altitude
6. Physical exertion

Investigative findings in osteoarthritis:
1. Joint space narrowing
2. Osteophyte formation
3. Subchondral sclerosis
4. Subchondral cysts
5. Synovial inflammation
6. Joint effusion

Precipitants of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease:

1. Dehydration
2. Infection
3. Cold exposure
4. Exercise
5. Stress
6. Menstrual period

Investigative Findings in Osteoarthritis:

1. Pain: Aching, stiffness, tenderness, and pain on movement
2. Stiffness: Joint pain that is worse in the morning or after a period of inactivity
3. Reduced range of motion: Difficulty moving a joint through its full range
4. Crepitus (grating sounds): Feeling or hearing a grinding or crackling sensation when moving a joint
5. Bony spurs (osteophytes): Overgrowth of bone at the edges of joints
6. Joint space narrowing: Reduction in space between bones in the joint
7. Bone marrow edema: Fluid accumulation within the bone marrow, visible on MRI scans
8. Synovial thickening: Thickening of the synovial membrane, which lines the joints and produces synovial fluid
9. Subchondral bone cysts: Fluid-filled cavities within the bone beneath the cartilage
10. Cartilage loss: Thinning and erosion of the cartilage covering the ends of bones