Outline 6 causes of acute renal failure:

1. Dehydration: Severe dehydration can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, causing them to function improperly and potentially leading to acute renal failure.

2. Infection: Infections such as sepsis or urinary tract infections can cause damage to the kidneys and impair their ability to filter waste products from the blood.

3. Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and contrast dyes used in imaging tests, can be toxic to the kidneys and cause acute renal failure.

4. Kidney obstruction: Blockages in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or tumors, can prevent urine from being excreted properly, leading to a buildup of waste products in the blood and potentially causing acute renal failure.

5. Hypotension: Low blood pressure, often caused by conditions such as shock or severe bleeding, can reduce blood flow to the kidneys and impair their function, leading to acute renal failure.

6. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as lupus or vasculitis can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys, leading to acute renal failure.

6 Causes of Acute Renal Failure:

1. Prerenal Causes:
- Hypovolemia (dehydration, blood loss)
- Reduced renal perfusion (e.g., sepsis, heart failure)

2. Renal Causes:
- Glomerular diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, vasculitis)
- Tubulointerstitial diseases (e.g., acute tubular necrosis, drug toxicity)
- Vascular diseases (e.g., renal artery stenosis, renal vein thrombosis)

3. Postrenal Causes:
- Obstruction of the urinary tract (e.g., kidney stones, prostate enlargement, tumors)

4. Toxic Causes:
- Drugs (e.g., antibiotics, NSAIDs)
- Toxins (e.g., heavy metals, ethylene glycol)

5. Hemodynamic Causes:
- Rapid fluid shifts (e.g., rehydration, resuscitation)
- Systemic hypotension (e.g., sepsis, anaphylaxis)

6. Immunologic Causes:
- Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Goodpasture's syndrome)
- Immune complex deposition (e.g., post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)