Outline 5 complications of kernicterus Outline 5 features of sickle can ell anemia?

Complications of kernicterus:

1. Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction
2. Hearing loss
3. Intellectual disabilities
4. Movement disorders
5. Cerebral palsy

Features of sickle cell anemia:

1. Chronic anemia
2. Painful vaso-occlusive crises
3. Increased risk of infections
4. Organ damage due to chronic ischemia
5. Jaundice due to hemolysis

Complications of Kernicterus

- Hearing loss (sensorineural hearing loss)
- Cerebral palsy
- Dental enamel hypoplasia
- Seizures
- Intellectual disability

Features of Sickle Cell Anemia

- Chronic hemolytic anemia: Decreased red blood cell count due to premature destruction of sickle-shaped cells.
- Painful episodes (vaso-occlusive crises): Blockage of small blood vessels by sickle-shaped cells, causing pain in the limbs, chest, or abdomen.
- Organ damage: Damage to organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, and brain due to repeated vaso-occlusive crises and chronic inflammation.
- Acute chest syndrome: A life-threatening condition characterized by inflammation and blockage of the lungs.
- Stroke: Blockage of blood vessels in the brain by sickle-shaped cells, leading to brain damage.