Anonymous
Dec 10, 2023
Nomenclature and classification of enzymes ?
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Dec 10, 2023
Enzymes are classified and named based on their function, substrate specificity, and the type of reaction they catalyze. The nomenclature and classification of enzymes follow a systematic approach established by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).
Enzyme Classification:
Enzymes are classified into six main classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze:
1. Oxidoreductases: These enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, involving the transfer of electrons between molecules.
2. Transferases: Transferases catalyze the transfer of functional groups (e.g., methyl, phosphate, acyl) from one molecule to another.
3. Hydrolases: Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking chemical bonds by adding water molecules.
4. Lyases: Lyases catalyze the addition or removal of groups to form double bonds or the reverse reaction, without hydrolysis or oxidation.
5. Isomerases: Isomerases catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule, resulting in the formation of isomers.
6. Ligases: Ligases catalyze the joining of two molecules, often using ATP as an energy source.
Enzyme Nomenclature:
Enzymes are named based on the type of reaction they catalyze, followed by the suffix "-ase." The name usually reflects the substrate or the type of reaction involved. For example:
- Lactase: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose.
- DNA polymerase: Catalyzes the polymerization of DNA.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase: Catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols.
In addition to the generic name, enzymes are often assigned a systematic name based on the IUBMB Enzyme Commission (EC) number. The EC number consists of four digits, separated by periods, representing the enzyme's class, subclass, sub-subclass, and serial number. For example:
- EC 1.1.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase
- EC 2.7.1.1: Hexokinase
The EC number provides a standardized way to identify and classify enzymes based on their catalytic activities.
Overall, the nomenclature and classification of enzymes provide a systematic framework for organizing and understanding the vast array of enzymes found in living organisms.
Enzyme Classification:
Enzymes are classified into six main classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze:
1. Oxidoreductases: These enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, involving the transfer of electrons between molecules.
2. Transferases: Transferases catalyze the transfer of functional groups (e.g., methyl, phosphate, acyl) from one molecule to another.
3. Hydrolases: Hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis reactions, breaking chemical bonds by adding water molecules.
4. Lyases: Lyases catalyze the addition or removal of groups to form double bonds or the reverse reaction, without hydrolysis or oxidation.
5. Isomerases: Isomerases catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule, resulting in the formation of isomers.
6. Ligases: Ligases catalyze the joining of two molecules, often using ATP as an energy source.
Enzyme Nomenclature:
Enzymes are named based on the type of reaction they catalyze, followed by the suffix "-ase." The name usually reflects the substrate or the type of reaction involved. For example:
- Lactase: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose.
- DNA polymerase: Catalyzes the polymerization of DNA.
- Alcohol dehydrogenase: Catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols.
In addition to the generic name, enzymes are often assigned a systematic name based on the IUBMB Enzyme Commission (EC) number. The EC number consists of four digits, separated by periods, representing the enzyme's class, subclass, sub-subclass, and serial number. For example:
- EC 1.1.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase
- EC 2.7.1.1: Hexokinase
The EC number provides a standardized way to identify and classify enzymes based on their catalytic activities.
Overall, the nomenclature and classification of enzymes provide a systematic framework for organizing and understanding the vast array of enzymes found in living organisms.
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