- Descriptive research design seeks to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon. This type of research is often used to gain an understanding of the current state of affairs or to identify trends. - Explanatory research design seeks to explain the relationships between variables. This type of research is used to test hypotheses and to determine the causes of a phenomenon. - Exploratory research design seeks to explore new areas of research and to generate new ideas. This type of research is often used to develop new theories or to gain a better understanding of a complex phenomenon. - Evaluative research design seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of a program or intervention. This type of research is used to determine whether a program is achieving its goals and to identify areas for improvement.