Name two major problems cause by usage of fertilizers, provide a solution of how this issue or problem can be addressed ?

1. Water pollution: Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus into water bodies, causing algal blooms and eutrophication. This can harm aquatic ecosystems and affect water quality.

Solution: Implementing best management practices such as precision agriculture, using slow-release fertilizers, and planting cover crops can help reduce nutrient runoff and minimize water pollution.

2. Soil degradation: Overuse of fertilizers can lead to soil acidification, nutrient imbalances, and decreased soil fertility over time. This can result in reduced crop yields and increased reliance on synthetic inputs.

Solution: Adopting sustainable farming practices such as crop rotation, organic farming, and integrated nutrient management can help improve soil health and fertility, reducing the need for excessive fertilizer use. Additionally, conducting regular soil testing can help farmers determine the specific nutrient needs of their crops and apply fertilizers more efficiently.

1. Nutrient Leaching and Water Pollution

- Fertilizers contain excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, that can leach into groundwater and runoff into surface water.
- Solution: Use controlled-release fertilizers that release nutrients slowly over time, reducing leaching and runoff. Implement precision agriculture techniques to apply fertilizers only where and when needed, based on soil and crop requirements.

2. Soil Acidification

- Some fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, contribute to soil acidification over time.
- Solution: Use fertilizers that are less acidifying, such as urea and ammonium sulfate. Apply lime to neutralize soil pH and maintain optimal conditions for plant growth.