Anonymous
Feb 13
Name and briefly explain the three pillars that Cummins identifies within language and cognition theories as essential for effective English teaching. 3 marks per explained pillar?
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ChatGPT
Feb 13
The three pillars that Cummins identifies within language and cognition theories as essential for effective English teaching are:
1. BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills): BICS refers to the everyday language skills that are used in social interactions and informal conversations. These skills are context-bound and rely heavily on non-verbal cues, such as body language and facial expressions. BICS is acquired relatively quickly and is essential for basic communication in English-speaking environments.
2. CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency): CALP refers to the language skills required for academic success and cognitive development. It involves the ability to understand and use complex language structures, academic vocabulary, and abstract concepts. CALP is necessary for academic tasks such as reading textbooks, writing essays, and participating in classroom discussions.
3. Cognitive Development: Cummins emphasizes the importance of cognitive development in language learning. He argues that language proficiency is closely linked to cognitive abilities, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and metacognition. Effective English teaching should promote cognitive development by providing opportunities for students to engage in higher-order thinking tasks and develop their cognitive skills alongside language skills.
1. BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills): BICS refers to the everyday language skills that are used in social interactions and informal conversations. These skills are context-bound and rely heavily on non-verbal cues, such as body language and facial expressions. BICS is acquired relatively quickly and is essential for basic communication in English-speaking environments.
2. CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency): CALP refers to the language skills required for academic success and cognitive development. It involves the ability to understand and use complex language structures, academic vocabulary, and abstract concepts. CALP is necessary for academic tasks such as reading textbooks, writing essays, and participating in classroom discussions.
3. Cognitive Development: Cummins emphasizes the importance of cognitive development in language learning. He argues that language proficiency is closely linked to cognitive abilities, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and metacognition. Effective English teaching should promote cognitive development by providing opportunities for students to engage in higher-order thinking tasks and develop their cognitive skills alongside language skills.
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