Mention characteristics of each stages of cognitive development in chirld?

1. Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years): In this stage, children learn about the world through their senses and motor actions. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. They also begin to engage in intentional actions and develop basic problem-solving skills.

2. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years): Children in this stage start to use symbols and language to represent objects and events. They engage in pretend play and develop the ability to think about things that are not immediately present. However, their thinking is still egocentric, meaning they struggle to understand others' perspectives and often focus only on their own viewpoint.

3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years): During this stage, children become more logical and can think more systematically about concrete objects and events. They develop the ability to understand conservation (the understanding that certain properties of objects remain the same despite changes in appearance) and can engage in basic mathematical operations. They also start to understand the concept of reversibility.

4. Formal Operational Stage (11 years and older): In this final stage, children develop the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically. They can engage in deductive reasoning, solve complex problems, and think about multiple possibilities. They also develop metacognitive skills, such as self-reflection and the ability to think about their own thinking.